Journal policy

Competing Interests Policy

Authors, reviewers and editors must disclose relationships or interests that could reasonably be perceived to influence their work.

What must be disclosed

  • Financial relationships, employment, consultancies, honoraria, stocks, patents and commercial interests.
  • Recent co-authorship, joint grants, supervisory or trainee relationships.
  • Institutional, academic, political, ideological, personal or professional relationships.
  • Any interest connected to the intervention, product, software, organization or conclusion under discussion.

Editorial response

A declared interest does not automatically prevent publication or participation. The editor assesses materiality and may request clarification, modify roles, appoint an independent editor, replace a reviewer, publish a disclosure or decline involvement. Undisclosed material conflicts may trigger correction, investigation or retraction.

Questions or concerns

Use the appropriate secure route when a matter requires a documented response.